前言做 SQL Server DBA真正考验能力的不是会不会创建数据库而是在生产环境出现 CPU 飙高、SQL 卡顿、阻塞堆积、日志暴涨、Always On 延迟时能快速找到问题原因。SQL Server 提供了大量 DMVDynamic Management Views用于监控和诊断这些 DMV 是 DBA 日常排障最重要的工具。下面整理 100 条生产环境高频使用命令SQL Server 日常巡检性能问题定位阻塞与锁分析SQL 优化索引维护Always On备份恢复权限管理适用于 SQL Server 2016 / 2017 / 2019 / 2022。一、实例基础信息1-101. 查看 SQL Server 版本SELECT VERSION;2. 查看详细版本信息SELECT SERVERPROPERTY(ProductVersion) AS Version, SERVERPROPERTY(ProductLevel) AS Level, SERVERPROPERTY(Edition) AS Edition, SERVERPROPERTY(EngineEdition) AS EngineEdition;3. 查看实例名称SELECT SERVERPROPERTY(ServerName);4. 查看当前时间SELECT GETDATE();5. 查看 SQL Server 启动时间SELECT sqlserver_start_time FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;6. 查看服务器 CPU 和内存SELECT cpu_count, physical_memory_kb/1024 AS memory_mb, virtual_machine_type_desc FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;7. 查看 SQL Server 最大内存配置SELECT name, value_in_use FROM sys.configurations WHERE namemax server memory (MB);8. 查看当前数据库SELECT DB_NAME();9. 查看所有数据库状态SELECT name, state_desc, recovery_model_desc, compatibility_level FROM sys.databases;10. 查看数据库创建时间SELECT name, create_date FROM sys.databases;二、数据库空间管理11-2011. 查看数据库文件SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, name, physical_name, size*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files;12. 查看数据文件和日志文件SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, name, type_desc, size*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files;13. 查看数据库大小排行SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, SUM(size)*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files GROUP BY database_id ORDER BY size_mb DESC;14. 查看日志文件大小SELECT DB_NAME(database_id), name, size*8/1024 AS log_mb FROM sys.master_files WHERE type_descLOG;15. 查看日志使用率DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE);16. 查看数据库空间使用EXEC sp_spaceused;17. 查看最大表SELECT TOP 20 OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS table_name, SUM(reserved_page_count)*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats GROUP BY object_id ORDER BY size_mb DESC;18. 查看表行数SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id), SUM(rows) FROM sys.partitions WHERE index_id IN (0,1) GROUP BY object_id;19. 查看文件增长设置SELECT name, growth, is_percent_growth FROM sys.database_files;20. 查看数据库恢复模式SELECT name, recovery_model_desc FROM sys.databases;三、Session 与连接排查21-3521. 查看当前连接SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions;22. 查看正在执行 SQLSELECT session_id, status, command, cpu_time, total_elapsed_time, wait_type, blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests;23. 查看完整 SQL 文本SELECT r.session_id, t.text FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle)t;24. 查看活动用户连接SELECT login_name, COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions GROUP BY login_name;25. 查看客户端来源SELECT host_name, program_name, login_name, COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions GROUP BY host_name, program_name, login_name;26. 查看长时间运行 SQLSELECT session_id, start_time, total_elapsed_time/1000 AS seconds, command FROM sys.dm_exec_requests ORDER BY total_elapsed_time DESC;27. 查看 CPU 消耗 SessionSELECT TOP 20 session_id, cpu_time, logical_reads FROM sys.dm_exec_requests ORDER BY cpu_time DESC;28. 查看当前等待SELECT session_id, wait_type, wait_time, blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE wait_type IS NOT NULL;29. 查看阻塞 SessionSELECT session_id, blocking_session_id, wait_type FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id0;30. 查看完整阻塞链SELECT blocking_session_id, session_id, wait_type, wait_time FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id 0;31. 查看空闲连接SELECT session_id, status, last_request_start_time FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE statussleeping;32. 杀掉 SessionKILL 57;33. 查看连接限制SELECT name, value_in_use FROM sys.configurations WHERE nameuser connections;34. 查看登录失败EXEC xp_readerrorlog;35. 查看当前等待事件排行SELECT TOP 20 wait_type, waiting_tasks_count, wait_time_ms FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC;四、锁、事务与阻塞36-5036. 查看当前锁SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_locks;37. 查看打开事务DBCC OPENTRAN;38. 查看活动事务SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions;39. 查看长事务SELECT session_id, transaction_id, transaction_begin_time FROM sys.dm_tran_session_transactions;40. 查看锁等待SELECT request_session_id, resource_type, request_mode, request_status FROM sys.dm_tran_locks WHERE request_statusWAIT;41. 查看阻塞 SQLSELECT blocking_session_id, session_id, wait_type, wait_time FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id0;42. 查看死锁SELECT * FROM system_health.session_targets;43. 查看隔离级别DBCC USEROPTIONS;44. 查看当前事务数量SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions;45. 查看版本存储空间SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_version_store_space_usage;46. 查看 TempDB 版本存储SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage;47. 查看锁数量SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_tran_locks;48. 查看等待资源SELECT wait_type, resource_description FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks;49. 查看当前死锁监控SELECT * FROM sys.dm_xe_sessions;50. 强制结束阻塞KILL session_id;五、SQL 性能分析51-6551. CPU 消耗最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 qs.total_worker_time, qt.text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) qt ORDER BY qs.total_worker_time DESC;52. 执行次数最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 execution_count, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY execution_count DESC;53. 平均耗时最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_elapsed_time/execution_count, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY 1 DESC;54. 查看缓存执行计划SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans;55. 查看执行计划SET SHOWPLAN_XML ON; GO SELECT * FROM table_name; GO SET SHOWPLAN_XML OFF;56. 查看 Query StoreSELECT * FROM sys.query_store_query;57. 查询历史高耗 SQLSELECT TOP 20 * FROM sys.query_store_runtime_stats ORDER BY avg_duration DESC;58. 查看逻辑读最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_logical_reads, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC;59. 查看物理读最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_physical_reads, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY total_physical_reads DESC;60. 查看缓存大小SELECT SUM(size_in_bytes)/1024/1024 AS MB FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans;六、索引与统计信息66-8061. 查看索引SELECT * FROM sys.indexes;62. 查看索引碎片SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id), avg_fragmentation_in_percent FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats ( NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,LIMITED );63. 重建索引ALTER INDEX ALL ON table_name REBUILD;64. 重组索引ALTER INDEX ALL ON table_name REORGANIZE;65. 更新统计信息UPDATE STATISTICS table_name;66. 查看缺失索引SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details;67. 查看索引使用情况SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats;68. 查看未使用索引SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats WHERE user_seeks0 AND user_scans0;69. 查看统计信息更新时间SELECT name, STATS_DATE(object_id,index_id) FROM sys.indexes;70. 创建索引CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name(column_name);七、Always On 高可用81-9071. 查看副本状态SELECT * FROM sys.dm_hadr_availability_replica_states;72. 查看同步状态SELECT * FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;73. 查看同步延迟SELECT database_id, log_send_queue_size, redo_queue_size FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;74. 查看 AG 配置SELECT * FROM sys.availability_groups;75. 查看监听器SELECT * FROM sys.availability_group_listeners;76. 查看 ReplicaSELECT * FROM sys.availability_replicas;77. 查看同步健康状态SELECT synchronization_health_desc FROM sys.dm_hadr_availability_replica_states;八、备份恢复91-9778. 查看备份历史SELECT database_name, backup_start_date, backup_finish_date, type FROM msdb.dbo.backupset ORDER BY backup_finish_date DESC;79. 备份数据库BACKUP DATABASE dbname TO DISKD:\backup\db.bak;80. 备份日志BACKUP LOG dbname TO DISKD:\backup\db.trn;81. 恢复数据库RESTORE DATABASE dbname FROM DISKD:\backup\db.bak;82. 查看最近备份SELECT TOP 10 * FROM msdb.dbo.backupset ORDER BY backup_finish_date DESC;83. 查看恢复历史SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.restorehistory;九、权限管理98-10084. 查看登录账户SELECT * FROM sys.server_principals;85. 查看数据库用户SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals;86. 查看权限SELECT * FROM sys.database_permissions;87. 创建登录CREATE LOGIN user1 WITH PASSWORDPassword123;88. 创建数据库用户CREATE USER user1 FOR LOGIN user1;89. 授权读取ALTER ROLE db_datareader ADD MEMBER user1;90. 授权写入ALTER ROLE db_datawriter ADD MEMBER user1;91. 删除用户DROP USER user1;92. 删除登录DROP LOGIN user1;十、DBA 日常巡检补充93-10093. 查看 SQL Agent 状态SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs;94. 查看失败 JobSELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory WHERE run_status1;95. 查看错误日志EXEC xp_readerrorlog;96. 查看 TempDB 使用SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage;97. 查看内存压力SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks;98. 查看 CPU 压力SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers;99. 查看 IO 延迟SELECT * FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL,NULL);100. 查看 SQL Server 等待统计SELECT TOP 20 wait_type, wait_time_ms FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC;总结SQL Server DBA 的核心能力不是记住多少 T-SQL而是面对生产问题时能够建立正确的排查路径。例如CPU 高 → 不应该先看 CPU而应该看等待和高耗 SQL数据库慢 → 不应该马上加索引而应该分析执行计划日志暴涨 → 不应该直接扩容而应该检查事务、备份链和恢复模式Always On 延迟 → 不应该只看延迟秒数而应该分析日志发送队列和 redo 队列。真正成熟的 SQL Server DBA掌握的是这些命令背后的诊断逻辑。这篇和前面的 MySQL、PostgreSQL 可以形成你的《DBA 三大数据库 100 条命令系列》。建议后续补一篇Oracle DBA 实用 100 条命令这个系列完整度会更高。
SQL Server DBA 实用的 100 条命令（建议收藏）
前言做 SQL Server DBA真正考验能力的不是会不会创建数据库而是在生产环境出现 CPU 飙高、SQL 卡顿、阻塞堆积、日志暴涨、Always On 延迟时能快速找到问题原因。SQL Server 提供了大量 DMVDynamic Management Views用于监控和诊断这些 DMV 是 DBA 日常排障最重要的工具。下面整理 100 条生产环境高频使用命令SQL Server 日常巡检性能问题定位阻塞与锁分析SQL 优化索引维护Always On备份恢复权限管理适用于 SQL Server 2016 / 2017 / 2019 / 2022。一、实例基础信息1-101. 查看 SQL Server 版本SELECT VERSION;2. 查看详细版本信息SELECT SERVERPROPERTY(ProductVersion) AS Version, SERVERPROPERTY(ProductLevel) AS Level, SERVERPROPERTY(Edition) AS Edition, SERVERPROPERTY(EngineEdition) AS EngineEdition;3. 查看实例名称SELECT SERVERPROPERTY(ServerName);4. 查看当前时间SELECT GETDATE();5. 查看 SQL Server 启动时间SELECT sqlserver_start_time FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;6. 查看服务器 CPU 和内存SELECT cpu_count, physical_memory_kb/1024 AS memory_mb, virtual_machine_type_desc FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;7. 查看 SQL Server 最大内存配置SELECT name, value_in_use FROM sys.configurations WHERE namemax server memory (MB);8. 查看当前数据库SELECT DB_NAME();9. 查看所有数据库状态SELECT name, state_desc, recovery_model_desc, compatibility_level FROM sys.databases;10. 查看数据库创建时间SELECT name, create_date FROM sys.databases;二、数据库空间管理11-2011. 查看数据库文件SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, name, physical_name, size*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files;12. 查看数据文件和日志文件SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, name, type_desc, size*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files;13. 查看数据库大小排行SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS database_name, SUM(size)*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.master_files GROUP BY database_id ORDER BY size_mb DESC;14. 查看日志文件大小SELECT DB_NAME(database_id), name, size*8/1024 AS log_mb FROM sys.master_files WHERE type_descLOG;15. 查看日志使用率DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE);16. 查看数据库空间使用EXEC sp_spaceused;17. 查看最大表SELECT TOP 20 OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS table_name, SUM(reserved_page_count)*8/1024 AS size_mb FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats GROUP BY object_id ORDER BY size_mb DESC;18. 查看表行数SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id), SUM(rows) FROM sys.partitions WHERE index_id IN (0,1) GROUP BY object_id;19. 查看文件增长设置SELECT name, growth, is_percent_growth FROM sys.database_files;20. 查看数据库恢复模式SELECT name, recovery_model_desc FROM sys.databases;三、Session 与连接排查21-3521. 查看当前连接SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions;22. 查看正在执行 SQLSELECT session_id, status, command, cpu_time, total_elapsed_time, wait_type, blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests;23. 查看完整 SQL 文本SELECT r.session_id, t.text FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle)t;24. 查看活动用户连接SELECT login_name, COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions GROUP BY login_name;25. 查看客户端来源SELECT host_name, program_name, login_name, COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions GROUP BY host_name, program_name, login_name;26. 查看长时间运行 SQLSELECT session_id, start_time, total_elapsed_time/1000 AS seconds, command FROM sys.dm_exec_requests ORDER BY total_elapsed_time DESC;27. 查看 CPU 消耗 SessionSELECT TOP 20 session_id, cpu_time, logical_reads FROM sys.dm_exec_requests ORDER BY cpu_time DESC;28. 查看当前等待SELECT session_id, wait_type, wait_time, blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE wait_type IS NOT NULL;29. 查看阻塞 SessionSELECT session_id, blocking_session_id, wait_type FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id0;30. 查看完整阻塞链SELECT blocking_session_id, session_id, wait_type, wait_time FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id 0;31. 查看空闲连接SELECT session_id, status, last_request_start_time FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE statussleeping;32. 杀掉 SessionKILL 57;33. 查看连接限制SELECT name, value_in_use FROM sys.configurations WHERE nameuser connections;34. 查看登录失败EXEC xp_readerrorlog;35. 查看当前等待事件排行SELECT TOP 20 wait_type, waiting_tasks_count, wait_time_ms FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC;四、锁、事务与阻塞36-5036. 查看当前锁SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_locks;37. 查看打开事务DBCC OPENTRAN;38. 查看活动事务SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions;39. 查看长事务SELECT session_id, transaction_id, transaction_begin_time FROM sys.dm_tran_session_transactions;40. 查看锁等待SELECT request_session_id, resource_type, request_mode, request_status FROM sys.dm_tran_locks WHERE request_statusWAIT;41. 查看阻塞 SQLSELECT blocking_session_id, session_id, wait_type, wait_time FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id0;42. 查看死锁SELECT * FROM system_health.session_targets;43. 查看隔离级别DBCC USEROPTIONS;44. 查看当前事务数量SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions;45. 查看版本存储空间SELECT * FROM sys.dm_tran_version_store_space_usage;46. 查看 TempDB 版本存储SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage;47. 查看锁数量SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_tran_locks;48. 查看等待资源SELECT wait_type, resource_description FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks;49. 查看当前死锁监控SELECT * FROM sys.dm_xe_sessions;50. 强制结束阻塞KILL session_id;五、SQL 性能分析51-6551. CPU 消耗最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 qs.total_worker_time, qt.text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) qt ORDER BY qs.total_worker_time DESC;52. 执行次数最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 execution_count, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY execution_count DESC;53. 平均耗时最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_elapsed_time/execution_count, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY 1 DESC;54. 查看缓存执行计划SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans;55. 查看执行计划SET SHOWPLAN_XML ON; GO SELECT * FROM table_name; GO SET SHOWPLAN_XML OFF;56. 查看 Query StoreSELECT * FROM sys.query_store_query;57. 查询历史高耗 SQLSELECT TOP 20 * FROM sys.query_store_runtime_stats ORDER BY avg_duration DESC;58. 查看逻辑读最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_logical_reads, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC;59. 查看物理读最高 SQLSELECT TOP 20 total_physical_reads, text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) ORDER BY total_physical_reads DESC;60. 查看缓存大小SELECT SUM(size_in_bytes)/1024/1024 AS MB FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans;六、索引与统计信息66-8061. 查看索引SELECT * FROM sys.indexes;62. 查看索引碎片SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id), avg_fragmentation_in_percent FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats ( NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,LIMITED );63. 重建索引ALTER INDEX ALL ON table_name REBUILD;64. 重组索引ALTER INDEX ALL ON table_name REORGANIZE;65. 更新统计信息UPDATE STATISTICS table_name;66. 查看缺失索引SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details;67. 查看索引使用情况SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats;68. 查看未使用索引SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats WHERE user_seeks0 AND user_scans0;69. 查看统计信息更新时间SELECT name, STATS_DATE(object_id,index_id) FROM sys.indexes;70. 创建索引CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name(column_name);七、Always On 高可用81-9071. 查看副本状态SELECT * FROM sys.dm_hadr_availability_replica_states;72. 查看同步状态SELECT * FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;73. 查看同步延迟SELECT database_id, log_send_queue_size, redo_queue_size FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;74. 查看 AG 配置SELECT * FROM sys.availability_groups;75. 查看监听器SELECT * FROM sys.availability_group_listeners;76. 查看 ReplicaSELECT * FROM sys.availability_replicas;77. 查看同步健康状态SELECT synchronization_health_desc FROM sys.dm_hadr_availability_replica_states;八、备份恢复91-9778. 查看备份历史SELECT database_name, backup_start_date, backup_finish_date, type FROM msdb.dbo.backupset ORDER BY backup_finish_date DESC;79. 备份数据库BACKUP DATABASE dbname TO DISKD:\backup\db.bak;80. 备份日志BACKUP LOG dbname TO DISKD:\backup\db.trn;81. 恢复数据库RESTORE DATABASE dbname FROM DISKD:\backup\db.bak;82. 查看最近备份SELECT TOP 10 * FROM msdb.dbo.backupset ORDER BY backup_finish_date DESC;83. 查看恢复历史SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.restorehistory;九、权限管理98-10084. 查看登录账户SELECT * FROM sys.server_principals;85. 查看数据库用户SELECT * FROM sys.database_principals;86. 查看权限SELECT * FROM sys.database_permissions;87. 创建登录CREATE LOGIN user1 WITH PASSWORDPassword123;88. 创建数据库用户CREATE USER user1 FOR LOGIN user1;89. 授权读取ALTER ROLE db_datareader ADD MEMBER user1;90. 授权写入ALTER ROLE db_datawriter ADD MEMBER user1;91. 删除用户DROP USER user1;92. 删除登录DROP LOGIN user1;十、DBA 日常巡检补充93-10093. 查看 SQL Agent 状态SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs;94. 查看失败 JobSELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory WHERE run_status1;95. 查看错误日志EXEC xp_readerrorlog;96. 查看 TempDB 使用SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage;97. 查看内存压力SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks;98. 查看 CPU 压力SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers;99. 查看 IO 延迟SELECT * FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL,NULL);100. 查看 SQL Server 等待统计SELECT TOP 20 wait_type, wait_time_ms FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC;总结SQL Server DBA 的核心能力不是记住多少 T-SQL而是面对生产问题时能够建立正确的排查路径。例如CPU 高 → 不应该先看 CPU而应该看等待和高耗 SQL数据库慢 → 不应该马上加索引而应该分析执行计划日志暴涨 → 不应该直接扩容而应该检查事务、备份链和恢复模式Always On 延迟 → 不应该只看延迟秒数而应该分析日志发送队列和 redo 队列。真正成熟的 SQL Server DBA掌握的是这些命令背后的诊断逻辑。这篇和前面的 MySQL、PostgreSQL 可以形成你的《DBA 三大数据库 100 条命令系列》。建议后续补一篇Oracle DBA 实用 100 条命令这个系列完整度会更高。